45 research outputs found
Fast Parallel Randomized Algorithm for Nonnegative Matrix Factorization with KL Divergence for Large Sparse Datasets
Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) with Kullback-Leibler Divergence
(NMF-KL) is one of the most significant NMF problems and equivalent to
Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing (PLSI), which has been successfully
applied in many applications. For sparse count data, a Poisson distribution and
KL divergence provide sparse models and sparse representation, which describe
the random variation better than a normal distribution and Frobenius norm.
Specially, sparse models provide more concise understanding of the appearance
of attributes over latent components, while sparse representation provides
concise interpretability of the contribution of latent components over
instances. However, minimizing NMF with KL divergence is much more difficult
than minimizing NMF with Frobenius norm; and sparse models, sparse
representation and fast algorithms for large sparse datasets are still
challenges for NMF with KL divergence. In this paper, we propose a fast
parallel randomized coordinate descent algorithm having fast convergence for
large sparse datasets to archive sparse models and sparse representation. The
proposed algorithm's experimental results overperform the current studies' ones
in this problem
Sparsity exploitation via discovering graphical models in multi-variate time-series forecasting
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely applied in multi-variate
time-series forecasting (MTSF) tasks because of their capability in capturing
the correlations among different time-series. These graph-based learning
approaches improve the forecasting performance by discovering and understanding
the underlying graph structures, which represent the data correlation. When the
explicit prior graph structures are not available, most existing works cannot
guarantee the sparsity of the generated graphs that make the overall model
computational expensive and less interpretable. In this work, we propose a
decoupled training method, which includes a graph generating module and a GNNs
forecasting module. First, we use Graphical Lasso (or GraphLASSO) to directly
exploit the sparsity pattern from data to build graph structures in both static
and time-varying cases. Second, we fit these graph structures and the input
data into a Graph Convolutional Recurrent Network (GCRN) to train a forecasting
model. The experimental results on three real-world datasets show that our
novel approach has competitive performance against existing state-of-the-art
forecasting algorithms while providing sparse, meaningful and explainable graph
structures and reducing training time by approximately 40%. Our PyTorch
implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/HySonLab/GraphLASS
Improving indigenous Vietnamese Black Rabbit frozen sperm quality: the role of glycine and sperm selection methods
[EN] Rabbit sperm are known to undergo damage during both cryopreservation and thawing, leading to decreased viability, motility and membrane integrity. Glycine can protect sperm and reduce damage during freezing. Swim-up is a simple semen processing method for selecting good motile sperm. The study evaluated the effect of the swim-up method and glycine with different concentrations supplemented to the frozen medium. Three indigenous black rabbits were selected for semen collection by artificial vagina. Next, semen was selected by swim-up method and diluted with glycine-added frozen medium. The samples were then transferred to 0.5 mL straws, cooled to 15°C and 5°C, placed in liquid nitrogen vapour, and finally placed directly into liquid nitrogen (-196°C). The samples were thawed and evaluated for sperm quality. The results showed that the medium supplemented with 10mM glycine in combination with swim-up method for 30 min gave the best results and was significantly different from the remaining concentrations (P<0.01), with viability rate, overall mobility and membrane integrity of 68.0%, 58.7% and 49.7%, respectively. In conclusion, 10 mM glycine concentration combined with swim-up for 30 min is the optimal choice for freezing local black rabbit semen. The study highlights the importance of optimising freezing protocols to improve the quality of frozen rabbit sperm, which can have important implications for animal breeding and conservation efforts.This study is funded in part by the Can Tho University, Code: T2022-133Tran, TTT.; Duy, NLK.; Hang, NT.; Ngoc, PK.; Tuyen, DND. (2023). Improving indigenous Vietnamese Black Rabbit frozen sperm quality: the role of glycine and sperm selection methods. World Rabbit Science. 31(4):229-236. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2023.1969022923631
Improving Generative Flow Networks with Path Regularization
Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are recently proposed models for
learning stochastic policies that generate compositional objects by sequences
of actions with the probability proportional to a given reward function. The
central problem of GFlowNets is to improve their exploration and
generalization. In this work, we propose a novel path regularization method
based on optimal transport theory that places prior constraints on the
underlying structure of the GFlowNets. The prior is designed to help the
GFlowNets better discover the latent structure of the target distribution or
enhance its ability to explore the environment in the context of active
learning. The path regularization controls the flow in GFlowNets to generate
more diverse and novel candidates via maximizing the optimal transport
distances between two forward policies or to improve the generalization via
minimizing the optimal transport distances. In addition, we derive an efficient
implementation of the regularization by finding its closed form solutions in
specific cases and a meaningful upper bound that can be used as an
approximation to minimize the regularization term. We empirically demonstrate
the advantage of our path regularization on a wide range of tasks, including
synthetic hypergrid environment modeling, discrete probabilistic modeling, and
biological sequence design.Comment: 28 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables. Anh Do, Duy Dinh, and Tan Nguyen
contributed equally to this wor
Kognitivne perspektive, inovativnost i konkurentska prednost stratega: empirijska studija u Vijetnamu
The main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between strategists’
intuitive and analytical thinking, innovation, and corporate competitive advantage.
This study not only proposes the new model to the academic world but also provides
the empirical investigation on the direct and indirect effect of a strategist’s analytic
reasoning perspective and strategist’s generative reasoning perspective on
innovation and competitive advantage as well as the mediating role of innovation
between the strategist’s cognitive perspective of reasoning and corporate competitive
advantage. This study conducted questionnaires of 382 samples in state-owned companies, FDI, and private companies in Vietnam. Structure equation modelling
was applied through smart PLS to analyse the valid data. The results provide
substantial evidence of significant relationships between strategists’ cognitive
perspectives of reasoning, innovation, and competitive advantage in the context of
State own, FDI, and private companies in Vietnam. Besides, the findings also show
that there are non-relationships in the direct effect between product innovation and
competitive advantage and between marketing innovation and competitive
advantage. Moreover, the research results imply various managerial implications
regarding how organizations successfully increase their competitive advantage by
increasing their leader’s cognition in management.Glavni cilj ove studije je istražiti odnos između intuitivnog i analitičkog razmišljanja
stratega, inovativnosti i konkurentske prednosti poduzeća. Ova studija ne samo da
predlaže novi model akademskom svijetu, već također pruža empirijsko istraživanje
izravnog i neizravnog učinka analitičke perspektive razmišljanja stratega i
perspektive generativnog razmišljanja stratega o inovacijama i konkurentskoj
prednosti, kao i o posredničkoj ulozi inovacije između kognitivne perspektive
razmišljanja stratega i konkurentske prednosti poduzeća. Ovim istraživanjem
provedena je anketa s 382 uzoraka u državnim tvrtkama, izravnim stranim
ulaganjima i privatnim tvrtkama u Vijetnamu. Modeliranje strukturnih jednadžbi
primijenjeno je putem pametnog PLS-a za analizu valjanih podataka. Rezultati
pružaju bitne dokaze o značajnim odnosima između kognitivnih perspektiva
razmišljanja, inovativnosti i konkurentske prednosti stratega u kontekstu državnih
poduzeća, izravnih stranih ulaganja i privatnih tvrtki u Vijetnamu. Osim toga, nalazi
također upućuju na ne postojanje veze s izravnom učinkom ni između inovacije
proizvoda i konkurentske prednosti niti između marketinške inovacije i konkurentske
prednosti. Štoviše, rezultati istraživanja upućuju na različite menadžerske implikacije
o tome kako organizacije uspješno povećavaju svoju konkurentsku prednost
povećanjem kognitivnih sposobnosti svog lidera u upravljanju